치매 일츠하이머

#치매 #알츠하이머 #치매치료약품 #치매치료식품 #치매약 #치매좋은식품 #알츠하이머치료약품 #알츠하이머치료식품 #알츠하이머약 #알츠하이머좋은식품 #알츠하이머병 #알츠하이머병약

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#Dementia #Alzheimer

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By WHO

21 September 2020

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Key facts

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치매는 기억력, 사고력, 행동 및 일상 활동 수행능력이 저하되는 증후군입니다.

Dementia is a syndrome in which there is deterioration in memory, thinking, behaviour and the ability to perform everyday activities.

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치매는 주로 노인에게 영향을 주지만 정상적 노화의 일부는 아닙니다.

Although dementia mainly affects older people, it is not a normal part of ageing.

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세계적으로 약 5천만 명이 치매를 앓고 있으며, 매년 약 천만 건의 새로운 환자가 발생합니다.

Worldwide, around 50 million people have dementia, and there are nearly 10 million new cases every year.

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알츠하이머병은 치매의 가장 흔한 형태로, 환자의 60 ~ 70%가 알츠하이머병입니다.

Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia and may contribute to 60–70% of cases.

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치매는 전 세계 노인들의 장애와 의존성의 주요 원인 중 하나입니다.

Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide.

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치매는 치매 환자는 물론 보호자, 가족, 사회 전반에 걸쳐 신체적, 심리적, 사회적, 경제적 부담을 줍니다.

Dementia has a physical, psychological, social, and economic impact, not only on people with dementia, but also on their carers, families and society at large.

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치매는 정상적 노화에서 예상할 수 있는 것 이상으로 인지기능 (즉, 사고를 처리하는 능력)이 저하되는 증후군 (보통, 만성 또는 진행성)입니다.

치매는 기억, 사고, 방향, 이해력, 계산, 학습능력, 언어, 판단에 영향을 미칩니다.

의식은 영향을 받지 않습니다.

인지기능 손상은 일반적으로 정서적 통제, 사회적 행동, 동기저하를 동반하며, 때때로 선행됩니다.

Dementia is a syndrome – usually of a chronic or progressive nature – in which there is deterioration in cognitive function (i.e. the ability to process thought) beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. It affects memory, thinking, orientation, comprehension, calculation, learning capacity, language, and judgement. Consciousness is not affected. The impairment in cognitive function is commonly accompanied, and occasionally preceded, by deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour, or motivation.

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치매는 알츠하이머병이나 뇌졸중과 같이 뇌에 주로 또는 2차적으로 영향을 미치는 다양한 질병 및 부상으로 인해 발생합니다.

Dementia results from a variety of diseases and injuries that primarily or secondarily affect the brain, such as Alzheimer's disease or stroke.

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치매는 전 세계 노인들의 장애와 의존성의 주요 원인 중 하나입니다.

치매는 치매환자 본인은 물론 그들의 간병인과 가족들에게도 부담이 됩니다.

치매에 대한 인식과 이해가 부족하여 진단 및 치료에 대한 낙인과 장벽이 발생하는 경우가 많습니다.

치매가 간병인, 가족, 사회 전반에 미치는 영향은 신체적, 심리적, 사회적, 경제적일 수 있습니다.

Dementia is one of the major causes of disability and dependency among older people worldwide. It can be overwhelming, not only for the people who have it, but also for their carers and families. There is often a lack of awareness and understanding of dementia, resulting in stigmatization and barriers to diagnosis and care. The impact of dementia on carers, family and society at large can be physical, psychological, social and economic.

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Signs and symptoms

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Dementia affects each person in a different way, depending upon the impact of the disease and the person’s personality before becoming ill. The signs and symptoms linked to dementia can be understood in three stages.

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Early stage: the early stage of dementia is often overlooked, because the onset is gradual. Common symptoms include:

forgetfulness

losing track of the time

becoming lost in familiar places.

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Middle stage: as dementia progresses to the middle stage, the signs and symptoms become clearer and more restricting. These include:

becoming forgetful of recent events and people's names

becoming lost at home

having increasing difficulty with communication

needing help with personal care

experiencing behaviour changes, including wandering and repeated questioning.

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Late stage: the late stage of dementia is one of near total dependence and inactivity. Memory disturbances are serious and the physical signs and symptoms become more obvious. Symptoms include:

becoming unaware of the time and place

having difficulty recognizing relatives and friends

having an increasing need for assisted self-care

having difficulty walking

experiencing behaviour changes that may escalate and include aggression.

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Common forms of dementia

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There are many different forms of dementia. Alzheimer's disease is the most common form and may contribute to 60–70% of cases. Other major forms include vascular dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies (abnormal aggregates of protein that develop inside nerve cells), and a group of diseases that contribute to frontotemporal dementia (degeneration of the frontal lobe of the brain). The boundaries between different forms of dementia are indistinct and mixed forms often co-exist.

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Rates of dementia

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Worldwide, around 50 million people have dementia, with nearly 60% living in low- and middle-income countries. Every year, there are nearly 10 million new cases.

The estimated proportion of the general population aged 60 and over with dementia at a given time is between 5-8%.

The total number of people with dementia is projected to reach 82 million in 2030 and 152 in 2050. Much of this increase is attributable to the rising numbers of people with dementia living in low- and middle-income countries.

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치료방법 Treatment and care

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현재 치매를 치료하거나 진행 과정을 바꿀 수 있는 치료법은 없습니다.

임상시험의 다양한 단계에서 수많은 새로운 치료법이 조사되고 있습니다.

There is no treatment currently available to cure dementia or to alter its progressive course. Numerous new treatments are being investigated in various stages of clinical trials.

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그러나 치매 환자와 보호자 및 가족의 삶을 지원하고 개선하기 위해 많은 것을 제공 할 수 있습니다.

However, much can be offered to support and improve the lives of people with dementia and their carers and families.

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치매 치료의 주요 목표는 다음과 같습니다.

The principal goals for dementia care are:

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조기 및 최적 관리를 위한 조기 진단

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신체 건강, 인지, 활동 및 웰빙 최적화

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수반되는 신체 질환 식별 및 치료

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까다로운 행동 및 심리적 증상 감지 및 치료

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간병인에게 정보와 장기적 지원을 제공

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early diagnosis in order to promote early and optimal management

optimizing physical health, cognition, activity and well-being

identifying and treating accompanying physical illness

detecting and treating challenging behavioural and psychological symptoms

providing information and long-term support to carers.

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Risk factors and prevention

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Although age is the strongest known risk factor for dementia, it is not an inevitable consequence of ageing. Further, dementia does not exclusively affect older people – young onset dementia (defined as the onset of symptoms before the age of 65 years) accounts for up to 9% of cases. Studies show that people can reduce their risk of dementia by getting regular exercise, not smoking, avoiding harmful use of alcohol, controlling their weight, eating a healthy diet, and maintaining healthy blood pressure, cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Additional risk factors include depression, low educational attainment, social isolation, and cognitive inactivity.

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Social and economic impact

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Dementia has significant social and economic implications in terms of direct medical and social care costs, and the costs of informal care. In 2015, the total global societal cost of dementia was estimated to be US$ 818 billion, equivalent to 1.1% of global gross domestic product (GDP). The total cost as a proportion of GDP varied from 0.2% in low- and middle-income countries to 1.4% in high-income countries.

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Impact on families and carers

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Dementia can be overwhelming for the families of affected people and for their carers. Physical, emotional and financial pressures can cause great stress to families and carers, and support is required from the health, social, financial and legal systems.

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Human rights

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People with dementia are frequently denied the basic rights and freedoms available to others. In many countries, physical and chemical restraints are used extensively in care homes for older people and in acute-care settings, even when regulations are in place to uphold the rights of people to freedom and choice.

An appropriate and supportive legislative environment based on internationally-accepted human rights standards is required to ensure the highest quality of care for people with dementia and their carers.

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WHO response

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WHO recognizes dementia as a public health priority. In May 2017, the World Health Assembly endorsed the Global action plan on the public health response to dementia 2017-2025. The Plan provides a comprehensive blueprint for action – for policy-makers, international, regional and national partners, and WHO as in the following areas: addressing dementia as a public health priority; increasing awareness of dementia and establishing dementia-friendly initiatives; reducing the risk of dementia; diagnosis, treatment and care; information systems for dementia; support for dementia carers; and, research and innovation

An international surveillance platform, the Global Dementia Observatory (GDO), has been established for policy-makers and researchers to facilitate monitoring and sharing of information on dementia policies, service delivery, epidemiology and research. WHO is also developing a knowledge exchange platform to facilitate the exchange of good practices in the area of dementia.

WHO has developed Towards a dementia plan: a WHO guide, which provides guidance to Member States in creating and operationalizing a dementia plan. The guide is closely linked to WHO’s GDO and includes associated tools such as a checklist to guide the preparation, development and implementation of a dementia plan. It can also be used for stakeholder mapping and priority setting.

WHO’s Guidelines on risk reduction of cognitive decline and dementia provide evidence- based recommendations on interventions for reducing modifiable risk factors for dementia, such as physical inactivity and unhealthy diets, as well as controlling medical conditions linked to dementia, including hypertension and diabetes.

Dementia is also one of the priority conditions in the WHO Mental Health Gap Action Programme (mhGAP), which is a resource for generalists, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, to help them provide first-line care for mental, neurological and substance use disorders.

WHO has developed iSupport, a knowledge and skills training programme for carers of people living with dementia. iSupport is available as a hard copy manual, and is already being implemented in several countries. The online version of iSupport will be available soon.