고혈당일 때의 느낌은? What Does It Feel Like to Have High Blood Sugar Levels?

우리 몸은 자연적으로 혈액에 설탕 또는 포도당을 갖고 있습니다. 적절한 양의 혈당은 우리 몸의 세포 및 장기에 에너지를 줍니다. 간과 근육이 일부 혈당을 생산하지만, 대부분의 혈당은 탄수화물이 들어 있는 식품과 음료에서 옵니다.
The human body naturally has sugar, or glucose, in the blood. The right amount of blood sugar gives the body's cells and organs energy. The liver and muscles produce some blood sugar, but most of it comes from food and drinks that contain carbohydrates.

혈당을 정상 범위 내에서 유지하려면 인슐린이 필요합니다. 인슐린은 혈당을 취해서 취한 혈당을 우리 몸의 세포로 전달하는 호르몬입니다.
In order to keep blood sugar levels within a normal range, the body needs insulin. Insulin is a hormone that takes blood sugar and delivers it to the body's cells.

 

 

고혈당일 때의 느낌은?

제2형(후천적) 당뇨병에서는, 몸이 인슐린을 생산하지만, 제대로 사용할 수 없습니다. 
In type 2 diabetes, the body can produce insulin but unable to use it properly.

혈당은 우리 몸의 장기와 기능에 대한 연료입니다. 하지만 고혈당은 에너지를 높여주지 않습니다. 반대로 고혈당은 에너지를 약화시킵니다.
Blood sugar is fuel for the body's organs and functions. But having high blood sugar doesn't provide a boost in energy. In fact, it's often the opposite.

세포가 에너지를 얻기 위한 혈당을 얻지 못하면, 자주 피로가 오거나, 배가 고프거나 또는 기진맥진하게 될 수 있습니다.
Because the body's cells can't access the blood sugar for energy, a person may feel tiredness, hunger, or exhaustion frequently.

또한, 고혈당은 신장과 소변으로 들어가서 보다 많은 물을 찾게 만들고 이것이 잦은 소변을 유발합니다. 또한 물을 충분히 마셔도 갈증을 증가시킵니다.
In addition, high sugar in the blood goes into the kidneys and urine, which attracts more water, causing frequent urination. This can also lead to increased thirst, despite drinking enough liquids.

고혈당은 급격한 또는 설명되지 않는 체중감소의 원인이 될 수 있습니다. 고혈당으로 인하여 세포가 필요한 포도당을 받지 못하면 몸은 에너지를 얻기 위하여 근육과 지방을 사용하게 되고 결국 체중이 줄게 됩니다.
High blood sugar can cause sudden or unexplained weight loss. This occurs because the body's cells aren't getting the glucose they need, so the body burns muscle and fat for energy instead.

또한 고혈당은 손과 다리와 발에 무감각(numbness), 화끔거림(burning), 또는 저림(tingling)현상을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 이런 현상은 당뇨성 신경병증(diabetic neuropathy)에 의해 발생되는데, 이것이 바로 고혈당으로 수 년이 지나면 자주 나타나는 당뇨합병증 입니다.
High blood sugar can also cause numbness, burning, or tingling in the hands, legs, and feet. This is caused by diabetic neuropathy, a complication of diabetes that often occurs after many years of high blood sugar levels.

 

고혈당은 우리 몸에 어떤 작용을 하나?  What does high blood sugar mean for the rest of the body?

시간이 지나면 몸의 장기와 시스템은 고혈당의 피해를 볼 수 있습니다. 혈관이 손상되어 다음과 같은 합병증이 올 수 있습니다.
Over time, the body's organs and systems can be harmed by high blood sugar. Blood vessels become damaged, and this can lead to complications, including:

-  심장 마비(Heart attack) 또는 뇌졸중(stroke)

-  눈과 시력의 손상(Damage to the eye and loss of vision)

-  신장 질환(Kidney disease) 또는 장애(failure)

-  염증, 감염 및 상처치료 문제로 이어지는 피부 특히 발의 문제(Nerve problems in the skin, especially the feet, leading to sores, infections, and wound healing problems)

 

고혈당의 원인 Causes of high blood sugar

제1형(선천적) 당뇨병에서는 면역체계가 인슐린을 생산하는 췌장내 세포를 공격합니다. 그 결과, 몸의 인슐린이 부족하게 되고 혈당이 높아집니다. 제1형 당뇨병 환자들은 혈당 수준 제어를 유지하기 위해 주사바늘, 펜 또는 인슐린 펌프를 통해 인슐린을 공급받아야 합니다. 미국당뇨협회(American Diabetes Association)에 따르면 당뇨병 환자의 5 %가 제1형 당뇨병입니다.
In type 1 diabetes, the immune system attacks the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. As a result, the body lacks insulin and blood sugar levels rise. People with type 1 diabetes must take insulin through a needle, pen, or insulin pump to keep blood sugar levels under control. Only 5 percent of all people with diabetes have type 1, according to the American Diabetes Association.

제2형 당뇨환자의 몸은 인슐린을 생산하지만 제대로 사용할 수 없습니다. 췌장이 보다 많은 인슐린을 만들어내려 하지만, 혈당 수준을 제어할 만한 정도의 인슐린을 만들어내지 못합니다. 이것이 바로 인슐린 저항(insulin resistance) 입니다. 제2형 당뇨환자들은 혈당 수치 제어를 위해 인슐린, 약을 복용하거나 식단 변경 또는 운동이 필요할 수 있습니다.
With type 2 diabetes, the body does produce insulin but is unable to use it properly. The pancreas tries to make more insulin, but often cannot make enough to keep blood sugar levels under control. This is known as insulin resistance. People with type 2 diabetes may need to take insulin, pills, or make diet or exercise changes to help control blood sugar levels.

대부분의 임산부는 임신 기간 동안 인슐린 저항이 생겨서 고혈당이 됩니다. 이것을 임신성당뇨라고 합니다. 임신성 당뇨가 엄마와 아기의 합병증으로 이어질 수 있으므로 임신 동안 산부인과 의사가 임신성 당뇨를 모니터링 해야 합니다. 임신성 당뇨는 일반적으로 출산 후 없어집니다.
Many pregnant women develop insulin resistance and high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. This is known as gestational diabetes. Gestational diabetes must be monitored by a woman's obstetrician throughout her pregnancy, as it can lead to complications for mother and baby. Gestational diabetes usually goes away after the woman gives birth.

정상 혈당보다 높은 혈당을 고혈당증(hyperglycemia)이라고 합니다. 당뇨가 주요 원인이지만, 베타 차단제와 스테로이드를 복용하는 사람들도 고혈당이 될 수 있습니다.
A higher than normal blood sugar level is known as hyperglycemia. Although diabetes is the main cause, people who take beta blockers and certain steroids may also experience high blood sugar.

 

고혈당의 위험 인자 Risk factors for high blood sugar

제1형 또는 제2형 당뇨병의 정확한 원인은 알려져 있지 않습니다. 하지만 일부 요인이 당뇨병을 일으킬 것입니다.
The exact cause of type 1 or type 2 diabetes is not known. Some factors may make a person more likely to develop these conditions, however.

연구진은 유전적 또는 환경적 요인들 제1형 당뇨병을 발병시킬 가능성이 있다고 생각합니다. 당뇨병 및 소화기 및 신장 질환 국립 연구소(The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases)는 특정 유전자가 역할을 하고, 바이러스 및 감염과 같은 다른 요인들이 관련 되어 있다고 말합니다.
Researchers believe certain genetic or environmental factors may make people more likely to get type 1 diabetes. The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases say certain genes play a role, and other factors such as viruses and infections may also be involved.

청소년 당뇨병연구재단(The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation)은 제1형 당뇨병 예방을 위해 할 수 있는 일은 아무 것도 없고, 식사, 운동, 또는 다른 라이프스타일과도 관련이 없다고 합니다. 제1형 당뇨병은 일반적으로 어린 시절 또는 성인 초반기에 시작됩니다.
The Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation say that there is nothing a person can do to prevent type 1 diabetes, and it is not related to eating, exercise, or other lifestyle choices. Type 1 diabetes usually begins during childhood or early adulthood.

고혈당은 자주 피곤하고 지치게 만들게 있습니다. 
Having high blood sugar can cause a person to feel frequently tired and exhausted.

한 가지 요인도 파악되지 않았지만, 제2형 당뇨병을 유발할 가능성이 있는 위험 요인은 아래와같습니다:
Although no single factor has been identified, the following risk factors make a person more likely to develop type 2 diabetes:

-  당뇨병과 연결된 어떤 유전자를 갖고 있음(Having certain genes that are linked to diabetes)

-  과체중 또는 비활동적(Being overweight or inactive)

-  제2형 당뇨병을 가진 부모 또는 형제 자매를 가진 사람(Having a parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes)

-  아프리카계 미국인, 알래스카 원주민, 아메리칸 인디언, 아시아계 미국인, 히스패닉 또는 태평양섬민족(Having African-American, Alaska Native, American Indian, Asian-American, Hispanic, or Pacific Islander ethnicity)

-  45 세 이상(Being over the age of 45)

-  고혈압 환자 또는 혈압이 140/90 이상인 사람(Being treated for high blood pressure, or having blood pressure of 140/90 or higher)

-  "좋은" HDL 콜레스테롤 수준이 낮거나 트리글리세라이드 수준이 높은 사람(Having low levels of "good" HDL cholesterol or high levels of triglycerides)

 

건강한 혈당 수준은?  What is a healthy blood sugar level?

고혈당인 사람들은 의사와 목표 혈당에 대해 상의해야 합니다. 정기 검사를 통해 환자가 건강한범위 내에 있는지 확인해야 합니다. 개인 별로 차이가 있으며 적정 혈당도 사람에 따라 차이가있습니다.
People who have high blood sugar should discuss their target levels with their doctor. Regular testing may be needed to find out if the patient is within a healthy range. Each individual is different and levels can vary from person to person.

혈당수준을 결정하기 위해 식사 8시간 후, 2 시간 후 또는 두 번 모두 혈당검사를 해야 할 수도 있습니다. 어떤 사람들은 포도당 내성 검사를 해야 할 수도 있는데, 이 검사를 할 때 환자는 설탕물을 마시고 난 후에 혈액검사를 해야 합니다. 
To determine a person's blood sugar levels, blood tests may be taken after not eating for 8 hours, 2 hours after a meal, or at both times. Some people may also take a glucose tolerance test, which requires the patient to drink a sugary liquid and get blood tests afterward.

미국당뇨협회는 데시리터 당 80-130 mg의 식전 혈당 수준을 권장합니다. 식사 후 1 ~ 2 시간 경과된시점의 혈당이 180 mg 이하 이어야 합니다.
The American Diabetes Association recommend a pre-meal blood sugar level of 80-130 milligrams per deciliter. Around 1 to 2 hours after the beginning of a meal, blood sugar should be less than 180 milligrams per deciliter.

미국임상내분비협회(AACE, The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists )는 금식후 데시리터 당 혈당이 110 mg 이어야 한다고 합니다. 식후 2시간 경과 시점의 혈당이 180 mg이어야 한다고 권고하고 있습니다.
The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) state that blood sugar should be below 110 milligrams per deciliter after fasting. Around 2 hours after eating a meal, the AACE recommend a blood sugar target of fewer than 180 milligrams per deciliter.

 

혈당 수치 제어 Controlling blood sugar levels

당뇨병 환자들은 혈당 측정기로 매일 혈당 수치를 확인해야 합니다. 이 측정기는 일반적으로 손가락에서 혈액 한 방울을 취하고, 몇 초 이내에 혈당을 표시합니다.
Many people with diabetes must check their blood sugar levels daily with a glucose meter. This device takes a drop of blood, usually from a finger, and displays the sugar level within a few seconds.

제1형 당뇨병환자들은 지시에 따라 하루에 서너 번씩 인슐린을 취해야 합니다. 제2형 당뇨병이나 임신성 당뇨병 환자들은 식이 요법과 운동 습관을 변경해야 할 수도 있습니다. 또한 경구용 약이나 인슐린을 복용해야 할 수도 있습니다.
People with type 1 diabetes will need to take insulin as directed, usually several times a day. Those with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes may need to change their diet and exercise habits. They may also need to take oral medications or insulin.

혈당은 당뇨와 함께 하는 건강한 생활스타일의 일부일 뿐입니다. 사람의 심장 질환을 피하려면 콜레스테롤과 혈압도 정기적으로 체크해야 합니다. 게다가 당뇨병 환자는 염증 또는 다른 문제체크를 위하여 정기적으로 발을 검사해야 하며 또한 정기적으로 눈 검사를 해야 합니다.
Blood sugar is only one part of a healthy lifestyle with diabetes. A person should also have their cholesterol and blood pressure checked regularly to help avoid heart disease. In addition, people with diabetes should check their feet regularly for sores or other problems and should receive regular eye exams.

 

 

저혈당일 때 느낌은?  
What does it feel like to have low blood sugar?

저혈당은 종종 당뇨약 처방의 부작용입니다. 너무 많은 인슐린을 취하면 혈당이 너무 낮아질 수있습니다. 저혈당은 또한 어떤 의약품, 건강 상태, 또는 식사를 거르면 생길 수도 있습니다.
Low blood sugar is often a side effect of diabetes medicines. If a person takes too much insulin, the blood sugar may become too low. Low blood sugar can also be caused by certain medications, health conditions, or skipping meals.

제2형 당뇨병이나 임신성 당뇨병 환자들은 식단을 바꾸거나 운동 습관을 변경해야 할 수도있습니다. 
People with type 2 diabetes or gestational diabetes may need to change their diet and exercise habits.

또한 저혈당증(hypoglycemia)으로도 알려진 저혈당 증상은 다음과 같습니다: Symptoms of low blood sugar, also known as hypoglycemia, may include:

-  심약 해지거나 불안해짐(Feeling weak or shaky)

-  갑작스런 초조감(Sudden nervousness), 불안(anxiety) 또는 과민성(irritability)

-  땀(Sweating) 또는 오한(chills)

-  극단적 기아 Extreme hunger

-  혼동 Confusion

-  빠른 심장 박동(Fast heart rate), 심계항진(palpitations)

저혈당은 탄수화물이 포함된 음료를 마시면 해결됩니다. 저혈당이 자주 오면 의사와 상의해야합니다. 당뇨 처방약은 문제 해결을 위해 변경되거나 감소될 수도 있습니다.
Low blood sugar can often be corrected by drinking a beverage that containscarbohydrates. Frequent episodes of low blood sugar should be discussed with a doctor. Diabetes medications may need to be changed or reduced in order to correct the problem.

의사 진단을 받아야 하는 시점 When to see a doctor

피로, 갈증 증가, 잦은 배뇨, 체중감소 등의 증세가 보이면 의사와 상의해야 합니다. 이들은 당뇨병또는 다른 건강 문제의 신호가 될 수 있습니다.
Symptoms such as tiredness, increased thirst, frequent urination, or weight loss should be discussed with a doctor. These could be signs of diabetes or other health problems.

대부분 검진은 증상이 없는 경우에도 혈당 검사를 할 것입니다. 미국 예방 서비스 태스크포스(The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force)는 과체중인 40 ~ 70세 사이 성인은 당뇨테스트를 할 것을권장합니다. 당뇨 또는 다른 위험 요인의 가족력을 가진 사람들은 조기에 자주 검사를 해야 할 수도있습니다.
Most checkups will involve blood sugar testing, even if the person has no symptoms. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommend that adults age 40 to 70 who are overweight should be tested for diabetes. Those who have a family history of diabetes or who have other risk factors may need earlier or more frequent tests.

건강과 웰빙은 혈당의 적절한 관리에 따라 달라집니다. 의사의 정기 검진 및 식단 관리, 운동 그리고약물 치료 가이드라인은 보다 나은 삶의 질을 위해 혈당을 제어 할 수 있습니다.
A person's health and well-being depend upon proper management of blood sugar levels. Regular visits to the doctor and following diet, exercise, and medication guidelines can help control blood sugar for a better quality of life.

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Written by Jennifer Berry Reviewed by Alana Biggers, MD, MPH Last reviewed: Tue 27 September 2016, 한국어정리 Dr. Hayun LEE