고혈압

#고혈압 #고혈압병 #고혈압치료약품 #고혈압치료식품 #고혈압약 #고혈압좋은식품

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#Hypertension

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17 May 2021

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Key facts

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고혈압 또는 고혈압은 심장, 뇌, 신장, 기타 질병의 위험을 크게 증가시키는 심각한 의학적 질병입니다.

Hypertension ̶ or elevated blood pressure ̶ is a serious medical condition that significantly increases the risks of heart, brain, kidney and other diseases.

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전 세계적으로 약 11억 3천만 명의 사람들이 고혈압을 앓고 있으며, 대부분 (3분의 2)이 저소득 및 중간소득 국가에 살고 있습니다.

An estimated 1.13 billion people worldwide have hypertension, most (two-thirds) living in low- and middle-income countries.

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2015년에는 남성 4명 중 1명, 여성 5명 중 1명이 고혈압을 앓고 있었습니다.

In 2015, 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women had hypertension.

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고혈압 환자 5명 중 1명 미만이 문제를 통제하고 있습니다.

Fewer than 1 in 5 people with hypertension have the problem under control.

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고혈압은 전 세계적으로 조기사망의 주요 원인입니다.

Hypertension is a major cause of premature death worldwide.

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비 전염성 질병에 대한 글로벌 목표 중 하나는 2010년에서 2025년 사이에 고혈압 유병률을 25% 줄이는 것입니다.

One of the global targets for noncommunicable diseases is to reduce the prevalence of hypertension by 25% between 2010 and 2025.

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What is hypertension?

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혈압은 신체의 주요 혈관인 신체 동맥 벽에 혈액을 순환시켜 가해지는 힘입니다.

고혈압은 혈압이 너무 높을 때입니다.

Blood pressure is the force exerted by circulating blood against the walls of the body’s arteries, the major blood vessels in the body. Hypertension is when blood pressure is too high.

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혈압은 두 개의 숫자로 표시됩니다.

첫 번째 (수축기) 숫자는 심장이 수축하거나 뛰었을 때 혈관의 압력을 나타냅니다.

두 번째 (확장기) 숫자는 심장이 박동 사이에 쉴 때 혈관의 압력을 나타냅니다.

Blood pressure is written as two numbers. The first (systolic) number represents the pressure in blood vessels when the heart contracts or beats. The second (diastolic) number represents the pressure in the vessels when the heart rests between beats.

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고혈압은 서로 다른 2일에 측정했을 때 두 날의 수축기 혈압 수치가 ≥140mmHg 이고/또는 두 날의 이완기 혈압 수치가 ≥90mmHg 인 경우 진단됩니다.

Hypertension is diagnosed if, when it is measured on two different days, the systolic blood pressure readings on both days is ≥140 mmHg and/or the diastolic blood pressure readings on both days is ≥90 mmHg.

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What are the risk factors for hypertension?

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Modifiable risk factors include unhealthy diets (excessive salt consumption, a diet high in saturated fat and trans fats, low intake of fruits and vegetables), physical inactivity, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, and being overweight or obese.

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Non-modifiable risk factors include a family history of hypertension, age over 65 years and co-existing diseases such as diabetes or kidney disease.

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What are common symptoms of hypertension?

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Hypertension is called a "silent killer". Most people with hypertension are unaware of the problem because it may have no warning signs or symptoms. For this reason, it is essential that blood pressure is measured regularly.

When symptoms do occur, they can include early morning headaches, nosebleeds, irregular heart rhythms, vision changes, and buzzing in the ears. Severe hypertension can cause fatigue, nausea, vomiting, confusion, anxiety, chest pain, and muscle tremors.

The only way to detect hypertension is to have a health professional measure blood pressure. Having blood pressure measured is quick and painless. Although individuals can measure their own blood pressure using automated devices, an evaluation by a health professional is important for assessment of risk and associated conditions.

 

What are the complications of uncontrolled hypertension?

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Among other complications, hypertension can cause serious damage to the heart. Excessive pressure can harden arteries, decreasing the flow of blood and oxygen to the heart. This elevated pressure and reduced blood flow can cause:

Chest pain, also called angina.

Heart attack, which occurs when the blood supply to the heart is blocked and heart muscle cells die from lack of oxygen. The longer the blood flow is blocked, the greater the damage to the heart.

Heart failure, which occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood and oxygen to other vital body organs.

Irregular heart beat which can lead to a sudden death.

Hypertension can also burst or block arteries that supply blood and oxygen to the brain, causing a stroke.

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In addition, hypertension can cause kidney damage, leading to kidney failure.

 

Why is hypertension an important issue in low- and middle-income countries?

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The prevalence of hypertension varies across regions and country income groups. The WHO African Region has the highest prevalence of hypertension (27%) while the WHO Region of the Americas has the lowest prevalence of hypertension (18%).

The number of adults with hypertension increased from 594 million in 1975 to 1.13 billion in 2015, with the increase seen largely in low- and middle-income countries. This increase is due mainly to a rise in hypertension risk factors in those populations.

 

How can the burden of hypertension be reduced?

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Reducing hypertension prevents heart attack, stroke, and kidney damage, as well as other health problems.

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Prevention

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Reducing salt intake (to less than 5g daily).

Eating more fruit and vegetables.

Being physically active on a regular basis.

Avoiding use of tobacco.

Reducing alcohol consumption.

Limiting the intake of foods high in saturated fats.

Eliminating/reducing trans fats in diet.

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Management

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Reducing and managing stress.

Regularly checking blood pressure.

Treating high blood pressure.

Managing other medical conditions.

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What is the WHO response?

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The World Health Organization (WHO) is supporting countries to reduce hypertension as a public health problem.

To support governments in strengthening the prevention and control of cardiovascular disease, WHO and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. CDC) launched the Global Hearts Initiative in September 2016, which includes the HEARTS technical package. The six modules of the HEARTS technical package (Healthy-lifestyle counselling, Evidence-based treatment protocols, Access to essential medicines and technology, Risk-based management, Team-based care, and Systems for monitoring) provide a strategic approach to improve cardiovascular health in countries across the world.

In September 2017, WHO began a partnership with Resolve to Save Lives, an initiative of Vital Strategies, to support national governments to implement the Global Hearts Initiative. Other partners contributing to the Global Hearts Initiative are: the CDC Foundation, the Global Health Advocacy Incubator, the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) and the U.S. CDC. Since implementation of the programme in 2017 in 18 low- and middle-income countries, 3 million people have been put on protocol-based hypertension treatment through person-centred models of care. These programmes demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of standardized hypertension control programmes.